The two outstanding achievements of Lapworth's work were thedemonstrations, first, that previous stratigraphical arrangementsincluded tectonicaUy duplicated and even triplicated parts ofa general succession which, contrary to general belief, couldbe correlated with those of structurally less complicated areas;and secondly, that this assorted succession, estimated by himto be almost 3000 ft. thick, was equivalent to about 100 ft.of graptolitic shales exposed in the Central Belt of the SouthernUplands. These relationships are well summarized by Peach &Home (1899, pp. 82-3), who accepted Lapworth's succession withno more than minor revisions of formational thicknesses andthe transference of the Balclatchie Mudstones, Grits and Conglomeratesfrom the top of the Barr Series to the base of the ArdmillanSeries. In effect, all the difficulties experienced by earliergeologists were shown to be due to an inadequate appreciationof the importance of fossil faunas and facies changes, not onlyin determining successions but also in resolving the structureof the region. Yet, paradoxically, Lapworth paid scant attentionto either faunal or lithological changes when preparing hisinterpretation of the Caradoc sequences, mainly because he believedthe Benan Conglomerate to be a reliable datum horizon (1882,pp. 551,659). By using the formation in this capacity he showedthat three belts of limestones, exposed around Benan Hill, werenot impersistent lenses within a thick conglomerate but simplyone limestone member underlying the Benan Conglomerate and broughtto the surface by folding. With regard to this particular sectionhe was
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